Age-associated changes in the cellular composition of the human adenoid

Histological investigations suggest that the size and number of lymphoid follicles of the adenoids and tonsils decrease during ageing. The mechanisms underlying the histological changes are unknown. The authors have analysed the frequency of lymphocyte subpopulations in the adenoids by flow cytometry. The proportion of B lymphocytes decreased and the proportion of T lymphocytes of all mononuclear cells increased with age. Of all B lymphocytes the proportion of CD38+, surface IgD- B lymphocytes representing the germinal centre cell phenotype, decreased and the proportion of CD38-, IgD- B lymphocytes representing the mature B lymphocyte phenotype, increased with age. The expression of CD23, a cell surface molecule associated with activation of follicular mantle IgD+ B lymphocytes, did not change with increasing age. The results imply that the involution of the adenoid is associated with a decreased germinal centre reaction and relative accumulation of mature B cells in the adenoidal tissue, as analysed by three-colour flow cytometry.