Control theory, labeling theory, and the delivery of services for drug abuse to adolescents

This article uses panel data and multiple regression of follow-up on baseline variables to test hypotheses that over time: (1) control theory variables are related to decreases in drug use and to each other, (2) labeling theory variables regarding drug use are related to increases in drug use, increases in each other, and negatively to control theory variables, (3) participation in a nonsystem juvenile justice diversion program is related to an increase in drug use, more deviant self-labels, and weaker societal bonds, and (4) the effects of the diversion program differ across gender of respondent. Baseline and follow-up data were collected on a randomly selected comparison group of adolescents (N = 100, 46 females) and a diversion program sample of adolescents (N = 88, 46 females). Slope differences across samples were tested using interaction terms. Where significant interaction terms were found, additional separate sample regression equations were performed. All four hypotheses received some support.