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Posttraumatic stress disorder: a sensitization reaction

R A Dykman1, P T Ackerman, J E Newton

  • 1Dept. of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock 72202, USA.

Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science : the Official Journal of the Pavlovian Society
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) may result from emotional sensitization to trauma-related stimuli, a simpler explanation than learning theories. Genetic susceptibility is also a key factor in PTSD development.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) etiology is complex, with existing theories like Mowrer's two-factor learning theory.
  • Understanding the precise mechanisms behind PTSD is crucial for effective treatment development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose emotional sensitization as a parsimonious explanation for PTSD etiology.
  • To integrate genetic susceptibility into the understanding of PTSD development.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing research on PTSD.
  • Theoretical argumentation comparing emotional sensitization with two-factor learning theory.

Main Results:

  • Emotional sensitization, involving fear/anxiety linked to various stimuli through association, adequately explains PTSD.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Genetic susceptibility is posited as a necessary, though variable, component for PTSD onset.
  • Sensitization may extend beyond fear to other emotions, explaining diverse behavioral responses in PTSD.

    • Conclusions:

    • Emotional sensitization offers a more parsimonious etiological model for PTSD than current learning theories.
    • Genetic predisposition plays a critical role in the development of PTSD.
    • Further research should explore the role of various sensory systems and non-fear emotional sensitization in PTSD.