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Scorpion sting in Zimbabwe

N J Bergman1

  • 1Wesfleur Hospital, Atlantis, W Cape.

South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde
|February 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details scorpion stings in Zimbabwe, highlighting severe cases caused by Parabathus transvaalicus. The findings describe unique clinical features and emphasize the need for prompt scorpion antivenom administration.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Epidemiology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Scorpion stings pose a significant public health concern, particularly in regions with venomous species.
  • Understanding the clinical manifestations of specific scorpion envenomations is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of scorpion stings in Gwanda South District, Zimbabwe.
  • To describe the specific clinical features of severe envenomation by Parabathus transvaalicus.

Main Methods:

  • A case series approach was employed, collecting data from consecutive scorpion sting victims.
  • Information was gathered from Manama Hospital and rural health centers over a two-year period (September 1991-September 1993).
  • Detailed clinical descriptions focused on severe cases, particularly those involving identified Parabathus transvaalicus.

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Main Results:

  • A total of 244 scorpion sting cases were recorded, with 184 attributed to Parabathus transvaalicus.
  • Severe P. transvaalicus scorpionism presented with sensory and motor nerve stimulation, including generalized hyperesthesia, weakness, ptosis, dysphagia, tremors, and abnormal reflexes.
  • Cardiac and respiratory compromise occurred secondary to muscular weakness, with prominent parasympathetic stimulation (sialorrhea, sweating, urinary retention) and absent sympathetic stimulation.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first description of the clinical features of Parabathus transvaalicus scorpionism.
  • The symptoms differ from Parabuthus granulatus, which exhibits sympathetic nervous system stimulation (visual disturbances, anxiety, restlessness, hypertension).
  • Scorpion antivenom is recommended for both species, and general management guidelines for scorpion stings are provided.