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Related Experiment Videos

Target entitativity: implications for information processing about individual and group targets

A R McConnell1, S J Sherman, D L Hamilton

  • 1Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802-3104, USA.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|April 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Perceptions of entitativity, or target unity, influence how people form impressions. Expecting high entitativity leads to integrated judgments, while low entitativity results in memory-based processing for social targets.

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Perceptions of entitativity (target unity and coherence) impact social cognition.
  • Entitativity influences information organization and impression formation for individual and group targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how expectations of entitativity affect information processing and judgment formation.
  • To examine the roles of similarity and behavioral consistency in shaping entitativity perceptions.
  • To compare information processing for individual versus group targets under varying entitativity expectations.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses.
  • Measures included recall, memory-judgment correlation, and illusory correlation.
  • Participants' expectations of entitativity were manipulated, focusing on similarity and consistency.

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Main Results:

  • Perceivers generally expect higher entitativity for individual targets compared to group targets.
  • When entitativity expectations were matched, information processing was similar for both target types.
  • Findings supported the prediction that entitativity influences on-line versus memory-based judgments.

Conclusions:

  • Entitativity expectations significantly shape social information processing and impression formation.
  • Manipulating entitativity perceptions can equalize processing differences between individual and group targets.
  • The study highlights the importance of target unity in social cognition research.