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Gluconeogenesis in the suckling rat

M A Beaudry, J L Chiasson, J H Exton

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |September 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Young suckling rats exhibit significantly elevated gluconeogenesis, a key metabolic process, due to high insulin/glucagon ratios. This heightened activity is maintained even without fasting, suggesting a unique developmental regulation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Physiology
    • Developmental Biology

    Background:

    • Gluconeogenesis is a critical metabolic pathway for maintaining blood glucose levels.
    • Suckling mammals have distinct hormonal profiles compared to adults, influencing metabolic regulation.
    • The role of hormonal regulation in hepatic gluconeogenesis during early development is not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the regulation of gluconeogenesis in young suckling rats.
    • To compare the gluconeogenic capacity and hormonal responses in suckling versus adult rats.
    • To elucidate the impact of insulin and glucagon on hepatic gluconeogenesis in early life.

    Main Methods:

    • Perfused liver studies and isolated hepatocyte experiments were conducted.

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  • Hormonal levels (insulin, glucagon) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) were measured.
  • Gluconeogenesis from lactate was assessed under various hormonal conditions and fasting states.

    • Main Results:

    • Gluconeogenesis from lactate was more than twofold higher in suckling rats compared to adults.
    • Glucagon induced minimal gluconeogenic activation in suckling rats despite increased cAMP.
    • Suckling rats displayed low insulin, high glucagon, and consequently high liver cAMP levels, which did not change with fasting.

    Conclusions:

    • High endogenous glucagon and low insulin in suckling rats lead to maximal stimulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis.
    • This maximal stimulation prevents further increases via fasting or exogenous glucagon.
    • Milk composition, high in protein and low in carbohydrates, may stimulate the hyperglucagonemia observed in suckling rats.