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Cytomegalovirus infection in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection

B J Kitchen1, H D Engler, V J Gill

  • 1Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. kitchenb@pbmac.nci.nih.gov

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|April 1, 1997
PubMed

Insights

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is prevalent in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), contributing to significant morbidity and mortality, especially with severe immunosuppression.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common opportunistic infection in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • Understanding CMV prevalence and disease burden in pediatric HIV populations is crucial for clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of positive cytomegalovirus (CMV) cultures in pediatric patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
  • To assess the impact of CMV infection on morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records for 273 pediatric patients with HIV.
  • Analysis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) culture results and clinical data from January 1991 to October 1994.

Main Results:

  • 31% of pediatric HIV patients had positive CMV cultures.
  • CMV disease was present in 25% of those with positive cultures and 9% overall.
  • Positive CMV cultures correlated with decreased survival in severely immunocompromised patients (CD4 count < 21%).
  • Autopsies revealed CMV disease in 26% of cases, with 7 instances of disseminated CMV.

Conclusions:

  • CMV infection contributes significantly to illness and death in pediatric HIV patients.
  • Severe immunosuppression exacerbates the negative impact of CMV in this population.
  • While less frequent than in adults, CMV remains a critical concern in pediatric HIV care.
Abstract

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