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Related Concept Videos

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
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Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
The Integrin family of proteins is primarily  involved...
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Selectins01:25

Selectins

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Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
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Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

6.1K
Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Related Experiment Videos

Cell adhesion molecules in vasculitis

J W Tervaert1, C G Kallenberg

  • 1Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands.

Current Opinion in Rheumatology
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endothelial cell activation increases leukocyte adhesion, crucial in vascular injury and inflammation. Research highlights adhesion molecules

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Vascular Biology
  • Inflammation and Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Vascular endothelial cell activation is key in initiating and propagating vascular injury.
  • Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions are central to inflammatory processes.
  • Adhesion molecules mediate leukocyte interactions with the vascular endothelium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in vasculitis.
  • To assess the role and clinical relevance of adhesion molecules in vasculitis.
  • To explore therapeutic strategies targeting adhesion molecules in vasculitis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on endothelial activation, adhesion molecules, and vasculitis.
  • Analysis of studies investigating adhesion molecule expression in vasculitis.
  • Evaluation of the potential of inhibiting adhesion molecule function therapeutically.

Main Results:

  • Increased expression of adhesion molecules is observed on leukocytes and in vasculitic lesions.
  • Soluble adhesion molecules are nonspecific markers of endothelial activation, limiting clinical relevance.
  • Inhibition of adhesion molecule function is a promising therapeutic avenue for vasculitis.

Conclusions:

  • Adhesion molecules play a significant role in the pathogenesis of vasculitis.
  • Measuring soluble adhesion molecules has limited clinical utility.
  • Targeting adhesion molecules offers a potential therapeutic strategy for vasculitis.