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[Organophosphate-induced myotoxicity]

M J Cavaliere1, E E Calore, N M Perez

  • 1Divisão de Patologia, Insituto Adolfo Lutz., São Paulo, Brasil.

Revista De Saude Publica
|June 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Organophosphate insecticides cause muscle damage, particularly in respiratory muscles. This study developed a method to quantify this myotoxicity, finding pralidoxime offers protection against organophosphate-induced muscle necrosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Pathology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Organophosphates are widely used insecticides with known toxicity.
  • These compounds can cause autonomic nervous system disorders, leading to cardiac and respiratory impairment.
  • Organophosphates are also known to induce myopathy, affecting muscle cells, especially respiratory muscles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an experimental method for routine evaluation of organophosphate-induced myotoxicity.
  • To quantify muscle necrosis caused by organophosphates using a minimal set of stains and histochemical reactions.
  • To investigate the protective effects of antidotes against organophosphate-induced myopathy.

Main Methods:

  • Albino rats (Wistar) were treated with the organophosphate paraoxon.
  • Animals were also treated with antidotes: atropine or pralidoxime.
  • Muscle fiber necrosis in the diaphragm was quantified using histochemical staining.

Main Results:

  • Paraoxon treatment induced significant muscle fiber necrosis in the diaphragm (approx. 15% in some areas).
  • Co-administration of paraoxon and atropine also resulted in detectable muscle necrosis.
  • Paraoxon and pralidoxime treatment showed minimal necrosis, indicating a protective effect.

Conclusions:

  • A reliable experimental method for quantifying organophosphate myotoxicity was established.
  • Organophosphate exposure causes significant muscle degeneration, particularly in respiratory muscles.
  • Pralidoxime demonstrates a protective role against organophosphate-induced myopathy, while atropine shows less efficacy.

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