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The origin of red algae: implications for plastid evolution

J W Stiller1, B D Hall

  • 1University of Washington, Department of Botany, Box 355325, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|April 29, 1997
PubMed
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The origin of red algae (Rhodophyta) is clarified. New molecular data suggest red algae evolved before plants, animals, and fungi, challenging current plastid evolution models.

Area of Science:

  • * Eukaryotic evolution
  • * Phycology
  • * Molecular systematics

Background:

  • * The evolutionary origin of red algae (Rhodophyta) is historically debated.
  • * Previous studies suggested a single endosymbiotic origin for plastids in red and green plants.
  • * Nuclear DNA analyses have been inconclusive in resolving host cell lineage relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To establish the evolutionary relationship of red algae host cell lineages.
  • * To find new molecular markers independent of plastid evolutionary history.
  • * To test hypotheses on the timing of red algal emergence in eukaryotic evolution.

Main Methods:

  • * Sequencing of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II.
  • * Phylogenetic analyses using data from two red algae, one green alga, and an amoeboid protist.

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  • * Comparison with existing nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) analyses.

    • Main Results:

    • * Phylogenetic analyses provide strong statistical support for an early emergence of Rhodophyta.
    • * The evolutionary lineage of red algae predates the origin of plants, animals, and fungi.
    • * Results are congruent with extensive nuclear rDNA analyses.

    Conclusions:

    • * Red algae (Rhodophyta) represent an ancient eukaryotic lineage.
    • * The data strongly support a divergence of red algae prior to the diversification of major eukaryotic supergroups.
    • * Current models of plastid evolution require reexamination in light of these findings.