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Multiple nonprimary motor areas in the human cortex

G R Fink1, R S Frackowiak, U Pietrzyk

  • 1Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|April 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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This study used positron emission tomography to map human brain activity during limb movements. Researchers identified specific motor and somatosensory areas involved, providing insights into human motor control and its relation to primate models.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Understanding human motor control relies on identifying brain regions involved in movement execution.
  • Primate studies offer valuable insights but direct human correlates require investigation.
  • Positron emission tomography (PET) allows for in vivo measurement of regional cerebral blood flow, reflecting neural activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map regional cerebral blood flow changes associated with voluntary hand, shoulder, and leg movements in humans.
  • To identify specific cortical and subcortical areas involved in motor execution.
  • To compare human motor areas with those identified in nonhuman primate models.

Main Methods:

  • Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to measure regional cerebral blood flow during limb movements.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Anatomic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was coregistered with PET data for precise anatomical localization.
  • Data analysis was performed on an individual subject basis to preserve unique gyral anatomy.
  • Analysis was prospectively focused on predefined areas of interest based on primate neuroanatomy and physiology.

    • Main Results:

    • Motor-related activity was observed in the primary motor cortex, lateral premotor cortex, and opercular premotor areas on the lateral convexity.
    • Activation was also found in the somatosensory cortex (SI), supplementary somatosensory area (SII), parietal association areas (Brodmann areas 5 and 40), and the insula.
    • On the medial surface, activity was detected in the leg areas of the primary motor and somatosensory cortices, supplementary motor area (SMA), and three cingulate sulcus areas.
    • Somatotopic organization was evident in the primary motor and somatosensory cortices, with arm regions anterior to leg regions in parietal area 5 and SMA.

    Conclusions:

    • The study identified key human brain regions involved in motor control, including lateral and medial premotor areas, supplementary motor area, and cingulate motor areas.
    • Findings suggest potential human homologues for primate premotor areas (PMd, PMv) and cingulate motor areas (CMAd, CMAv).
    • Individualized analysis and focused region-of-interest approach enhance confidence in reporting single-subject neuroimaging data for motor control research.