[Anal epidermoid carcinoma: a rare incidence or a rare diagnosis?]

Epidermoid cancer of the anus is a rare entity which represents 1-2% of all gastrointestinal tract cancers. Possible predisposing causes include smoking and sexual behaviour, particularly homosexual anal intercourse, chronic inflammation (Crohn, anal fistula, fissure, sepsis, hydradenitis suppurativa), and transmissible agents (human papillomavirus type 16 y 18, condylomata acuminata). Another factor is the genetic, which may be related to changes in chromosome 11 and the sort arm of chromosome 3. The aetiology of anal carcinoma is a multifactorial interaction between environmental factors. HPV infection, immune status and suppressor genes. We report on three cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus seen in our Unit of Proctology. One patient with widespread perianal hydradenitis suppurativa. Another one in a patient VIH+ with anal human papillomavirus infection, in situ cervix cancer and condylomata acuminata of the vulva and anus. A third case, a man with haemorrhoids. Is addition, constant irritation, chronic inflammatory changes, and repeated epithelial regeneration that accompany noninfectious conditions may be related to risk of anal epidermoid cancer. It is important that this cancer is kept in mind. It is unforgivable that a cancerous lesion that can be suspected in a simple inspection or rectal digital examination be attributed, to a benign anal condition.