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Acid stress responses in enterobacteria

S Bearson1, B Bearson, J W Foster

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile 36688, USA.

FEMS Microbiology Letters
|February 15, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Shigella flexneri survive acidic conditions using inducible strategies. These mechanisms involve regulatory proteins and amino acid decarboxylases for pH homeostasis during pathogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pathogenesis
  • Bacterial Physiology

Background:

  • Enteric bacteria like Salmonella, E. coli, and Shigella flexneri thrive in neutral pH but face environmental acid fluctuations.
  • These pH shifts occur naturally and during host pathogenesis, necessitating adaptive survival mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complex, inducible acid survival strategies employed by enteric bacteria.
  • To identify key regulatory features and specific survival mechanisms involved in acid resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of regulatory proteins including alternative sigma factor (sigma S), two-component systems (PhoP/Q, MviA/?), and Fur.
  • Investigation of inducible amino acid decarboxylases for pH homeostasis.
  • Exploration of potential roles for DNA repair, chaperonins, and membrane biogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Identified key regulatory proteins (sigma S, PhoP/Q, MviA/?, Fur) involved in acid response.
  • Highlighted inducible amino acid decarboxylases as crucial for emergency pH homeostasis.
  • Suggested probable roles for DNA repair, chaperonins, and membrane biogenesis in acid survival.

Conclusions:

  • Enteric bacteria possess sophisticated, inducible strategies to survive dramatic pH fluctuations.
  • Understanding these acid survival mechanisms provides insights into bacterial stress management and pathogenesis.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate all components of acid resistance in these organisms.

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