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Updated: Jul 21, 2026

Optimization of a Multiplex RNA-based Expression Assay Using Breast Cancer Archival Material
Published on: August 1, 2018
Hyperexpression of mitogen-activated protein kinase in human breast cancer
V S Sivaraman1, H Wang, G J Nuovo
1Department of Surgery, University Medical Center, SUNY/Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.
Abstract:
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases act as transducers of extracellular signaling via tyrosine kinase-growth factor receptors and G-protein-linked receptors to elements regulating transcription. The activity, abundance, and localization of MAP kinase was investigated in normal and malignant neoplasia of the breast. In carcinoma of the breast, MAP kinase was heavily phosphorylated on tyrosyl residues and its activity elevated 5-10-fold over benign conditions, such as fibroadenoma and fibrocystic disease. By in situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, hyperexpression of MAP kinase mRNA can be localized to malignant, epithelial cells. Metastatic cells within involved lymph nodes of patients with breast cancer also display hyperexpression of MAP kinase. In spite of persistent activation via phosphorylation, MAP kinase expression is upregulated 5-20-fold and this hyperexpression may be a critical element to initiation as well as the metastatic potential of various forms of human breast cancer.
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