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Long-term results of lower urinary tract reconstruction with the ceco-appendiceal unit
S M Tillem1, O J Kessler, M K Hanna
1Department of Urology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA.
Insights
The ceco-appendiceal unit offers a viable solution for continent lower urinary tract reconstruction in patients with bladder exstrophy. This technique allows for continent urinary diversion and neourethra creation, with successful outcomes reported in long-term follow-up.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Pediatric Surgery
- Reconstructive Surgery
Background:
- Bladder exstrophy is a complex congenital condition requiring specialized surgical reconstruction.
- Lower urinary tract reconstruction aims to restore urinary continence and function.
- The ceco-appendiceal unit presents a potential option for complex urinary tract reconstruction.
Purpose:
We report long-term results in 11 patients born with bladder exstrophy who underwent lower urinary tract reconstruction using a ceco-appendiceal unit.
Materials And Methods:
Four boys and 2 girls underwent lower urinary tract reconstruction using an unaltered ceco-appendiceal unit. In 2 boys and 1 girl the bladder was replaced with a reservoir of terminal ileum, cecum and ascending colon, and the appendix was used as an orthotopic neourethra. In another 2 boys and 1 girl the bladder was augmented, while the appendix was used to create a stoma to the umbilicus. In 5 patients in whom the ceco-appendiceal junction was incompetent the cecum was plicated over the base of the appendix to reinforce the sphincteric mechanism. Four patients underwent augmentation with the appendix brought out as an umbilical stoma, and in 1 the bladder was replaced and the appendix was used as a neourethra.
Results:
Six patients in whom the ceco-appendiceal junction was unaltered and 5 in whom it was plicated remain continent 5 to 11 and 2 to 7 years postoperatively, respectively. In the initial patient urinary incontinence developed due to high intraluminal pressure, which resolved after detubularization of the urinary reservoir. Another patient underwent revision of the abdominal stoma.
Conclusions:
The ceco-appendiceal unit may be used for continent lower urinary tract reconstruction. Ceco-appendiceal junction competence can be tested intraoperatively and the sphincteric mechanism may be reinforced as necessary. The appendix may be ectopically or orthotopically placed and used for intermittent catheterization.