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Association between cigarette smoking and prostatism in a Japanese community
R O Roberts1, T Tsukamoto, Y Kumamoto
1Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Background:
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between cigarette smoking and prostatism among Japanese men.
Methods:
Male residents of Shimamaki-mura, Japan, aged 40-79 years old (n = 286), completed a self-administered questionnaire that included the international prostate symptom score (IPSS). A detailed cigarette smoking history was also obtained. All men had a transrectal ultrasonographic estimate of prostatic volume and a peak urinary flow rate measurement.
Results:
Current cigarette smoking was inversely associated with an impaired peak urinary flow rate (< 15 mL/sec) (odd ratio [OR] = 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.18, 0.84), and with moderate to severe symptoms (IPSS > 7) (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.48, 1.49), but was not significantly associated with prostatic volume. Smokers of 1 to 1.4 packs a day were less likely and smokers of less than a pack a day or 1.5 or more packs a day were more likely to have moderate to severe symptoms and a greater prostatic volume.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that cigarette smoking may have a protective effect on prostatism at certain smoking intensities, but no effect or a deleterious effect at other intensities.