Regression of atherosclerosis: a review

In recent years, it has been established in humans that progression of atherosclerosis can be slowed, and in some cases, regressed. This differs from previous decades in which such observations were only considered possible in animals. The emergence of more effective lipid-lowering agents along with aggressive dietary and other lifestyle interventions has brought about this change. Other recent studies, using clinical events as the primary outcome, have shown that both pharmacological and lifestyle interventions decrease cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. With these findings, medical and lifestyle management of coronary disease is taking on an increasingly important role as an alternative to invasive interventions. The optimal pharmacological, dietary or exercise regimen, the relative contribution of each, how to optimally implement these programs in large populations, and their cost effectiveness have yet to be defined. This article explores current research in the area of regression of atherosclerosis in humans.