Influence of tissue preparation on the high-frequency acoustic properties of normal kidney tissue

The influence of various tissue preparations on the acoustic properties of normal kidney tissue at high frequencies was investigated. Eight surgically excised normal kidney tissue specimens were classified into three groups: (i) fresh, frozen section, (ii) formalin-fixed, frozen section and (iii) formalin-fixed, paraffin section. Scanning acoustic microscopy operating in the frequency range of 100-200 MHz was used to display the two-dimensional distribution of attenuation constant and sound speed. Our results indicate that (i) there is no significant variation in both acoustic parameters between the three tissue groups, (ii) fixation by 10% formalin produces no significant change in the acoustic parameters, (iii) in fat-free tissue regions, the acoustic parameters are independent of preparation method and (iv) frozen sections must be used to assess the acoustic parameters in fat-rich tissues.