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Related Experiment Videos

Epithelial-mesenchymal transformations in early avian heart development

R Markwald1, C Eisenberg, L Eisenberg

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.

Acta Anatomica
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac development involves epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, where endocardial cells transform into cushion cells. Myocardial adherons, containing ES antigens like ES/130, are crucial for this transformation, suggesting common mechanisms in embryonic development.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cardiac morphogenesis relies on sequential epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs).
  • These transitions establish heart-forming cells and their segregation into endocardial and myocardial lineages.
  • Extracardiac mesenchyme also undergoes EMTs to remodel the embryonic heart.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms of endocardial epithelial transformation into cushion mesenchyme.
  • To determine if EMT regulation is intrinsic or extrinsic.
  • To identify key molecular signals involved in cardiac EMTs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized primary cultures of precardiac epithelia.
  • Employed a differentiation-inducible avian stem cell line (QCE-6).

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  • Analyzed gene expression changes in response to specific molecular signals.

    • Main Results:

    • Myocardial adherons, but not those from L6 myoblasts, induced EMT-associated gene expression in endocardial cells.
    • ES antigens, particularly ES/130, were identified as crucial components of myocardial adherons required for endocardial EMT.
    • ES protein expression patterns suggest conserved mechanisms for embryonic EMTs.

    Conclusions:

    • Extrinsic signals, specifically myocardial adherons containing ES antigens, regulate endocardial EMT.
    • The study identifies ES/130 as a key molecule in this process.
    • Common mechanisms likely govern various embryonic epithelial-mesenchymal transformations.