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Pulmonary tuberculosis in children: evaluation with CT

W S Kim1, W K Moon, I O Kim

  • 1Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.

AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
|April 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Computed tomography (CT) reveals characteristic findings in pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis, including lymphadenopathy with low-attenuation centers and rim enhancement or calcification. CT is valuable when initial chest X-rays are inconclusive for tuberculosis diagnosis and management.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Radiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in children can be challenging due to nonspecific symptoms and radiographic findings.
  • Computed tomography (CT) offers detailed anatomical visualization, potentially improving diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the computed tomography (CT) findings associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in pediatric patients.
  • To establish indications for the use of CT in diagnosing childhood tuberculosis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of CT scans from 41 children with confirmed tuberculosis.
  • Review of chest radiographs and medical records to assess the impact of CT findings on clinical management.

Main Results:

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  • Mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy was the most common CT finding (83%), often showing low-attenuation centers with rim enhancement or calcification.
  • Air space consolidation (49%), nodules of bronchogenic spread (29%), and miliary nodules (17%) were also observed.
  • CT scans altered clinical management in 37% of patients and provided the sole basis for diagnosis in 20%, particularly for subtle lymphadenopathy or complications.

Conclusions:

  • Low-attenuation lymphadenopathy with rim enhancement or calcification is a key CT indicator of pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis.
  • CT is a valuable tool for diagnosing suspected tuberculosis in children when chest radiographs are normal or inconclusive, especially for identifying complications.