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Exencephaly in chicken-pheasant hybrids

V D Purohit, P K Basrur, B S Reinhart

    British Poultry Science
    |March 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Exencephaly, a birth defect, occurred 12 times more frequently in chicken-pheasant hybrids when the chicken was the sire. Specific chicken breeds also influenced the incidence of this malformation in offspring.

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    Area of Science:

    • Developmental biology
    • Comparative embryology
    • Avian genetics

    Background:

    • Exencephaly is a severe neural tube defect.
    • Understanding its etiology is crucial for avian health.
    • Hybrid crosses can reveal genetic influences on development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the incidence of exencephaly in chicken-pheasant hybrids.
    • To determine the effect of sire breed on malformation rates.
    • To compare exencephaly frequency across different chicken breeds.

    Main Methods:

    • Controlled cross-breeding experiments between chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and pheasants (Phasianus colchicus).
    • Recording fertility and hatchability rates.
    • Quantifying the incidence of exencephaly in hatched hybrid offspring.

    Main Results:

    • Fertility varied significantly based on the sire breed (pheasant sire: 7.6%, chicken sire: 19.5%).
    • Hatchability of fertile eggs was similar between reciprocal crosses (42% vs. 41%).
    • Exencephaly incidence was markedly higher (70 cases) when the chicken was the sire compared to the pheasant sire (1 case), a 12-fold increase.

    Conclusions:

    • The direction of the cross significantly impacts exencephaly incidence in chicken-pheasant hybrids.
    • Chicken maternal factors appear to play a role in the development of exencephaly.
    • Breed-specific differences in chickens (e.g., Rhode Island Red, Leghorn breeds) influence exencephaly frequency.

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