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Multi-unit recording from regenerated bullfrog eighth nerve using implantable silicon-substrate microelectrodes

C C Della Santina1, G T Kovacs, E R Lewis

  • 1UC Berkeley / UC San Francisco Graduate Group in Bioengineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, 94720, USA.

Journal of Neuroscience Methods
|March 1, 1997
PubMed
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Researchers developed silicon devices for recording from nerve fibers in bullfrogs. These devices successfully captured auditory and vestibular signals from regenerated nerves, paving the way for inner ear signal processing studies.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Bioacoustics

Background:

  • The eighth cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear nerve) is crucial for auditory and vestibular functions.
  • Recording from multiple axons in regenerated nerves presents significant technical challenges.
  • Understanding signal processing in the inner ear requires methods for simultaneous multi-axon recording.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate multi-microelectrode silicon devices for extracellular recording from regenerated eighth cranial nerves.
  • To assess the feasibility of long-term recording from individual axons in vivo.
  • To investigate the functional responses of regenerated nerve fibers to auditory and vestibular stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Photolithographically fabricated silicon devices with microelectrode arrays and holes were implanted into transected eighth cranial nerves of American bullfrogs.

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  • Regenerating nerve fibers grew through device holes towards the brainstem.
  • Extracellular recordings of multi-unit spike trains were obtained up to 21 weeks post-implantation.
  • Histological analysis confirmed nerve regeneration through the devices.

    • Main Results:

    • Multiple spike trains were successfully recorded from two animals, with single units tracked for over 8 hours.
    • Some recorded units exhibited sound-evoked responses characteristic of auditory papillae innervation.
    • Vestibularly originating units were also identified.
    • Action potentials (30-140 microV P-P) were recorded with an adequate signal-to-noise ratio (30-140 microV P-P amid 5-10 microV RMS noise).
    • Histology confirmed myelinated fiber bundles grew through holes near active electrodes.

    Conclusions:

    • Implanted silicon microelectrode devices can achieve simultaneous extracellular recording from multiple axons in regenerated nerves.
    • The technology shows potential for studying auditory, vestibular, and seismic signal processing in the vertebrate inner ear.
    • Future device designs will aim to improve implantation success rates and signal-to-noise ratios through features like integrated transistor amplifiers.