Integration: the experience of living with insulin dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus

In this grounded theory study, the experience of living with insulin dependent diabetes emerged through analysis of interview and written data from 12 adults with the condition. The grounded theory of integration--the integration of the personal and the diabetic selves--that emerged is described. Integration is a three-phase process: having diabetes, the turning point, and the science of one. Those in the science of one phase had become experts in their diabetes and, although they did not adhere to the regimen prescribed by health professionals, they were in good glycemic control. Each person developed lifeways that facilitated or inhibited the integration process. This theory of integration suggests a need for significant changes in client-nurse relationships and diabetes education.