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Mechanisms of adenosine-induced epicardial coronary artery dilatation
A Lupi1, A Buffon, M L Finocchiaro
1Istituto di Cardiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Insights
Human adenosine-induced epicardial artery dilation is primarily flow-mediated, not direct. This was shown by comparing adenosine with dipyridamole, revealing similar vasodilation linked to increased coronary blood flow velocity.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Investigating the mechanism of adenosine-induced vasodilation in epicardial arteries.
- Comparing direct versus flow-mediated effects of adenosine on coronary arteries.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if adenosine-induced epicardial coronary artery dilation is direct or flow-mediated.
- To compare the effects of intracoronary adenosine with dipyridamole.
Main Methods:
- Intracoronary infusion of adenosine and dipyridamole in 24 patients with normal coronary arteries.
- Measurement of coronary blood flow velocity using a Doppler wire.
- Quantitative coronary angiography to assess epicardial artery diameter changes.
Main Results:
- Both adenosine and dipyridamole increased coronary artery diameter significantly compared to baseline.
- Peak coronary blood flow velocities during infusions were similar for both agents.
- Coronary artery diameter increases strongly correlated with coronary blood flow velocity for both adenosine and dipyridamole.
Conclusions:
- Epicardial coronary vasodilation induced by adenosine is predominantly flow-mediated.
- Findings support an indirect mechanism for adenosine vasodilation, similar to dipyridamole's effect.
- Correlations suggest a strong link between increased blood flow and arterial dilation.
Background:
In order to ascertain whether human adenosine-induced dilatation of epicardial arteries is direct or flow-mediated, we compared the effects of intracoronary adenosine infusion on epicardial coronary arteries with those produced by dipiridamole, a selective arteriolar vasodilator.
Methods And Results:
In 24 patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries, coronary blood flow velocity was measured by a Doppler wire during intracoronary infusion of adenosine or dipyridamole, which is known to increase intramyocardial adenosine concentration. Coronary angiograms were obtained at baseline and immediately after the end of each infusion period; coronary diameters 5 mm distal to the wire tip were measured by computer-assisted quantitative coronary angiography. Peak coronary blood flow velocities during adenosine or dipyridamole infusions were similar (52.0 +/- 15.5 and 47.9 +/- 24.2 cm.s-1, P = ns). Coronary diameters immediately after adenosine and dipyridamole infusions were similar and both higher than that at baseline (2.80 +/- 0.63 and 2.86 +/- 0.64 vs 2.44 +/- 0.69 mm, P < 0.05). The absolute and percentage increases of coronary artery diameters in response to adenosine were highly correlated to coronary blood flow velocity (R = 0.622, intercept -0.10 +/- 0.14, P = 0.002 and R = 0.617, intercept -15.2 +/- 9.9, P = 0.001, respectively); similar correlations were found in response to dipyridamole (R = 0.708, intercept -0.44 +/- 0.19, P < 0.001 and R = 0.649, intercept -13.5 +/- 8.7, P < 0.001, respectively). Finally the absolute and percentage changes of coronary artery diameters caused by adenosine were highly correlated to those caused by dipyridamole (R = 0.840 P < 0.001 and R = 0.836, P < 0.001 respectively).
Conclusions:
A significant correlation exists between epicardial coronary vasodilation and coronary blood flow velocity during intracoronary adenosine infusion, thus suggesting that epicardial coronary vasodilation induced by adenosine is predominantly flow-mediated rather than direct. This conclusion is supported by the observation that similar findings were obtained using dipyridamole, which can only dilate epicardial coronary arteries indirectly, through the increase in coronary blood flow velocity caused by the inhibition of intramyocardial adenosine re-uptake.
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