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Cytokine patterns in adults with AIDS

K Alonso1, P Pontiggia, R Medenica

  • 1Institute for Advanced Studies in Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30308-1947, USA.

Immunological Investigations
|April 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Cytokine profiles in AIDS patients show elevated levels of certain cytokines, reflecting chronic infection. Lymphocyte responses to stimulation are diminished, suggesting a host-versus-virus reaction.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Enhanced production of IL-4 and IL-10 in HIV-infected patients is linked to disease progression.
  • A shift from CD4+ Th1 to Th2 cytokine profiles has been proposed to drive HIV progression, though evidence is conflicting.
  • Previous studies examined limited cytokines, leading to discrepant results in HIV-infected populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze cytokine expression patterns in adult patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
  • To compare cytokine profiles and lymphocyte responses in AIDS patients versus healthy volunteers.
  • To investigate potential Th1/Th2 dysregulation and its relation to disease progression in AIDS.

Main Methods:

  • Serum and peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected from 31 adult AIDS patients and 5 healthy volunteers.
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques quantified cytokine levels in unstimulated and stimulated samples.
  • Stimulation was performed using phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and/or recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2).

Main Results:

  • Unstimulated AIDS patient lymphocytes showed elevated IL-1, IL-3, IL-4, IFN-G, TNF-A, TNF-B, OSM, and TGF-B.
  • Stimulation with PHA enhanced all cytokines, but less markedly in AIDS patients, except for IL-3, IL-4, IL-8, TNF-B, and TGF-B, which were increased.
  • No correlation was found between cytokine levels, patient age, or antiretroviral therapy use.

Conclusions:

  • Cytokine response patterns in AIDS patients depend on the stimulus used.
  • No evidence of Th1/Th2 dysregulation was observed; elevated cytokines reflect chronic viral infection.
  • Diminished lymphocyte responsiveness in AIDS patients suggests an ongoing low-grade host-versus-virus reaction.

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