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Tuberculosis--the threat re-emerges

A B Breslin1

  • 1Respiratory Unit, Concord Hospital, Australia.

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
|April 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tuberculosis (TB) affects Australians, primarily immigrants, with effective diagnosis and a 98% cure rate via six-month chemotherapy. Healthcare workers require Mantoux testing due to infection risks, especially with multi-drug resistant TB.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a persistent health issue in Australia, with 5-6 new cases per 100,000 annually.
  • The majority of TB cases are diagnosed in individuals born outside Australia, with 70% pulmonary and 30% nonpulmonary disease.
  • Healthcare workers face elevated infection risks, necessitating specific screening and preventative measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the current landscape of tuberculosis in Australia.
  • To detail diagnostic methods and treatment efficacy for TB.
  • To emphasize preventive strategies for healthcare workers at risk.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis involves patient history, clinical examination, Mantoux testing, chest X-ray, thoracic CT scans, and sputum analysis.

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  • Bronchoscopy and fine needle aspiration biopsy are occasionally employed for diagnosis.
  • Treatment relies on six months of supervised chemotherapy.

    • Main Results:

    • A 98% cure rate is achievable with appropriate supervised chemotherapy.
    • Mantoux testing is recommended for healthcare workers; negative results warrant BCG vaccination or regular surveillance.
    • Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, though uncommon in Australia, poses significant risks during surgical resections.

    Conclusions:

    • Tuberculosis requires ongoing management in Australia, with a high cure rate achieved through standard chemotherapy.
    • Proactive screening and preventative strategies, including Mantoux testing and BCG vaccination, are crucial for protecting healthcare workers.
    • Awareness of multi-drug resistant strains and associated risks during surgical procedures is vital for infection control.