Utilization of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy for stapes prosthesis

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Otolaryngology
• Surgical Innovation

Background:

• Stapes prostheses are crucial for hearing restoration.
• Nickel-titanium shape memory alloys offer unique properties for medical implants.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the biocompatibility of a novel nickel-titanium shape memory alloy stapes prosthesis.
• To assess the long-term effects of the prosthesis on the incus in a feline model.

Main Methods:

• Implantation of nickel-titanium stapes prostheses in 24 feline ears.
• Macroscopic and microscopic (light and scanning electron microscopy) examination of the incus post-implantation (27-355 days).
• Histological analysis to evaluate bone response and resorption.

Main Results:

• Successful implantation in 23 out of 24 ears.
• Bone resorption observed in cases of dislocation/loosening, linked to mucosal membrane removal.
• Slight, non-progressive bone erosion at the prosthesis contact area due to mechanical pressure.

Conclusions:

• Nickel-titanium alloy stapes prostheses demonstrate biocompatibility with the incus.
• Loose implantation and preservation of the mucosal membrane are essential for optimal outcomes.
• The material shows promise for otologic surgery, with minimal prosthesis-induced bone loss.