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Related Experiment Videos

Behavioral consequences of abnormal cortical development: insights into developmental disabilities

J Berger-Sweeney1, C F Hohmann

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, MA 02181, USA. jberger-sween@wellesley.edu

Behavioural Brain Research
|July 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Disruptions in cerebral cortical development, particularly during differentiation, can cause anatomical and behavioral abnormalities. Animal models reveal how neurotransmitter systems like norepinephrine and dopamine impact development and behavior, offering insights into human developmental disabilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Cerebral cortical development involves neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and differentiation during prenatal and early postnatal periods.
  • Insults during these stages can result in cortical hypoplasia, ectopias, and dysplasias.
  • Animal models are crucial for studying the long-term consequences of disrupted cortical development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review animal models of disrupted cortical development, focusing on differentiation.
  • To compare anatomical, neurochemical, and behavioral abnormalities resulting from insults to specific neurotransmitter systems.
  • To explore sex differences in developmental insult responses and their relevance to human conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Examination of extensively-studied animal models of disrupted cortical development.

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  • Analysis of long-term anatomical, neurochemical, and behavioral outcomes.
  • Focus on developmental manipulations affecting neurotransmitter afferent systems (norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine).

    • Main Results:

    • Developmental insults lead to a range of behavioral alterations, from motor to cognitive deficits.
    • Disruptions in specific neurotransmitter systems (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine) yield distinct anatomical and neurochemical changes.
    • Perinatal insults can differentially affect males and females, impacting developmental trajectories.

    Conclusions:

    • Animal models provide valuable insights into the cellular and neurochemical underpinnings of behavioral abnormalities following developmental insults.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is critical for addressing human developmental disabilities.
    • The timing and specific neurotransmitter system affected by insults significantly influence outcomes.