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A stitch in time: self-regulation and proactive coping

L G Aspinwall1, S E Taylor

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742-4411, USA.

Psychological Bulletin
|May 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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This study introduces proactive coping, a framework where individuals anticipate and manage potential stressors before they occur. It details five stages of proactive coping, emphasizing individual resources and skills for effective stress management.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Stress and Coping

Background:

  • Social cognition and interaction research inform stress and coping mechanisms.
  • Existing frameworks often focus on reactive stress responses.
  • Proactive coping offers a novel perspective on stress management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a conceptual and temporal framework for proactive coping.
  • To analyze the processes involved in anticipating and preventing stressors.
  • To detail the role of individual differences in proactive coping.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis integrating research from social cognition, social interaction, and stress and coping.
  • Development of a five-stage model of proactive coping.

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  • Examination of individual differences, skills, and resources at each stage.

    • Main Results:

    • A five-stage framework for proactive coping is specified: resource accumulation, stressor recognition, initial appraisal, preliminary coping, and feedback utilization.
    • Individual differences, skills, and resources play a crucial role at each stage of proactive coping.
    • Proactive coping provides unique insights into how individuals prevent or mitigate potential stressors.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding proactive coping is essential for a comprehensive view of stress management.
    • Focusing on proactive strategies can enhance individuals' ability to avoid and offset potential stressors.
    • The framework highlights the importance of anticipatory and preventative actions in managing stress.