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Attentional functioning in schizotypal personality disorder

S E Roitman1, B A Cornblatt, A Bergman

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA.

The American Journal of Psychiatry
|May 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with schizotypal personality disorder exhibit significant attentional impairments, similar to those seen in schizophrenia patients. This suggests attention deficits may indicate a biological susceptibility to schizophrenia-related disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Schizophrenia shares biological, phenomenological, and cognitive similarities with schizophrenia-related personality disorders.
  • Abnormal attention is a key indicator of biological susceptibility to schizophrenia-related disorders.
  • Attentional dysfunctions are documented in schizophrenia patients and at-risk populations, but less studied in schizotypal personality disorder.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess attentional impairment in patients with schizotypal personality disorder.
  • To compare attentional functioning in schizotypal personality disorder patients with schizophrenic patients, other personality disorder patients, and normal controls.

Main Methods:

  • Study included 30 schizotypal personality disorder patients, 35 other personality disorder patients, 36 schizophrenia patients, and 20 healthy controls.

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  • All participants were diagnosed using DSM-III criteria.
  • Attention was evaluated using the Continuous Performance Test, Identical Pairs Version.

    • Main Results:

    • Schizotypal personality disorder subjects showed significantly worse performance on verbal and spatial tasks compared to controls.
    • Schizophrenia patients also performed significantly worse than controls on the Continuous Performance Test.
    • Patients with other personality disorders did not differ significantly from control subjects.

    Conclusions:

    • Schizotypal personality disorder patients demonstrate attentional deficits.
    • These attentional impairments in schizotypal personality disorder mirror those observed in schizophrenia patients.
    • Attentional functioning may serve as a marker for schizophrenia-related disorders.