Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2026

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
09:14

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model

Published on: June 18, 2021

Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage of structural origin during the first year of life

I H Tekkök1, E C Ventureyra

  • 1Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada.

Child'S Nervous System : Chns : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
|March 1, 1997
PubMed

Insights

Structural lesions are rare but critical causes of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in infants. Early diagnosis with advanced imaging and prompt surgical intervention improve outcomes for affected newborns.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in term infants is uncommon, often attributed to trauma, coagulation disorders, or hypoxia.
  • Structural causes for infantile ICH are frequently overlooked until late stages.

Observation:

  • This paper details five term infants with ICH due to structural lesions within their first year of life.
  • Lesions included a middle cerebral artery aneurysm, posterior fossa arteriovenous malformation, cavernous angioma, low-grade astrocytoma, and desmoplastic ganglioglioma.
  • Diagnosis was primarily achieved through advanced neuroimaging (CT/MRI).

Findings:

  • All five infants survived after surgical removal of the hematoma and causative lesion.
  • Follow-up durations ranged from 3 to 19 years, indicating long-term survival.
  • The study highlights the importance of considering structural etiologies in infantile ICH.

Implications:

  • Contemporary imaging modalities are crucial for timely and accurate diagnosis of ICH in infants.
  • Aggressive and prompt surgical treatment of structural lesions causing ICH can lead to favorable long-term outcomes.
  • This case series contributes to the understanding of rare structural causes of ICH in infancy and their management.

More Related Videos

Modeling Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage Through Intraventricular Injection of Hemoglobin07:57

Modeling Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage Through Intraventricular Injection of Hemoglobin

Published on: August 25, 2022

Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats04:12

Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats

Published on: March 28, 2025

Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...