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Aqueous formation of hydroxyapatite

R I Martin1, P W Brown

  • 1Intercollege Materials Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
|June 5, 1997
PubMed
Summary

The study determined the kinetics of hydroxyapatite formation, finding stoichiometric hydroxyapatite forms faster due to smaller precursor particle sizes. Seeding eliminates induction periods, and kinetics follow first-order and Arrhenius relationships.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biochemistry
  • Chemical Kinetics

Background:

  • Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is a key biomaterial.
  • Understanding its formation kinetics is crucial for applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the kinetics of stoichiometric and calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite formation.
  • To investigate the influence of precursor composition and seeding on reaction rates.
  • To calculate thermodynamic parameters like heat of reaction and activation energy.

Main Methods:

  • Acid-base reactions using CaHPO4 and Ca4(PO4)2O precursors.
  • Kinetic analysis at 37.4 degrees C.
  • pH and ion concentration measurements.
  • Seeding experiments with hydroxyapatite.
  • Calorimetry to determine heats of reaction.
  • Arrhenius analysis for activation energy.

Main Results:

  • Complete reaction occurs within 6 h at 37.4 degrees C.
  • Stoichiometric hydroxyapatite forms faster due to smaller precursor particle size.
  • Hydroxyapatite formation involves surface hydration, an induction period, and bulk conversion.
  • Seeding eliminates the induction period.
  • Kinetics are first-order and follow the Arrhenius relationship.
  • Heats of reaction (delta Hr) were 261.3 kJ/mol (Ca-deficient) and 320 kJ/mol (stoichiometric).
  • Activation energies were 84.5 kJ/mol (Ca-deficient) and 87.4 kJ/mol (stoichiometric).

Conclusions:

  • Hydroxyapatite formation kinetics are composition-dependent, influenced by precursor characteristics.
  • Seeding is an effective method to accelerate hydroxyapatite formation.
  • The thermodynamic data provide insights into the stability and formation energetics of hydroxyapatite and its precursors.

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