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Related Concept Videos

Nursing Interventions II: Selecting and Classifying the Nursing Interventions01:29

Nursing Interventions II: Selecting and Classifying the Nursing Interventions

Creating and executing a nursing diagnosis helps nurses plan care and guide patient, family, and community interventions. They are developed based on a patient's physical evaluation and support measuring the outcomes. It is not recommended to select random interventions throughout the planning process. Instead, consider the following six essential factors when choosing interventions:
Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
Nursing Clinical Information System01:27

Nursing Clinical Information System

Nursing Clinical Information System (NCIS)
A Nursing Clinical Information System (NCIS) is a specialized type of healthcare information system tailored to meet the unique needs of nursing practice. It incorporates the principles of nursing informatics to streamline information management and improve the quality of care delivery.
Critical attributes of NCIS include:
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
The Scientific Method in Nursing Process01:18

The Scientific Method in Nursing Process

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Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
08:36

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Published on: April 19, 2024

Using numerical results from systematic reviews in clinical practice

H J McQuay1, R A Moore

  • 1Pain Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, United Kingdom.

Annals of Internal Medicine
|May 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Systematic reviews can be simplified using the number needed to treat (NNT). This single metric, derived from review data, aids clinical decisions for patients and healthcare providers.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
08:36

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Published on: April 19, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Epidemiology
  • Evidence-Based Medicine
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Systematic reviews synthesize trial data for reliable clinical effect estimation.
  • Current statistical outputs from reviews lack immediate clinical applicability.
  • The Number Needed to Treat (NNT) offers direct clinical relevance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advocate for the NNT as a primary output for systematic reviews.
  • To highlight the NNT's utility in clinical decision-making.
  • To emphasize the integration of treatment efficacy and harm data through NNT.

Main Methods:

  • Calculating the NNT from raw data or existing statistical outputs.
  • Applying NNT principles to various outcomes, including efficacy and adverse events.
  • Integrating patient-specific risk with NNT for prophylactic intervention assessment.

Main Results:

  • The NNT quantifies the treatment-specific effect of an intervention.
  • NNT facilitates comparison between different interventions for the same condition.
  • Estimating the Number Needed to Harm (NNH) is crucial for a complete risk-benefit analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The NNT serves as a practical 'currency' for clinical decisions.
  • Systematic reviews should distill findings into a single, memorable NNT value.
  • This approach supports shared decision-making between clinicians and patients.