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Decreased active vasodilator sensitivity in aged skin

W L Kenney1, A L Morgan, W B Farquhar

  • 1Noll Physiological Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802-6900, USA.

The American Journal of Physiology
|April 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Older adults show reduced skin blood flow during heat stress due to impaired vasodilation, not increased vasoconstriction. This limits their ability to cool effectively during exercise.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Thermoregulation
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Older adults exhibit an attenuated increase in cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) when exposed to heat stress.
  • The role of noradrenergic vasoconstriction in this age-related blunted CVC response is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that augmented or sustained noradrenergic vasoconstriction contributes to the age-related difference in CVC during heat stress.
  • To compare the cutaneous vascular response to exertional heat stress in young and older men.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen young and 15 older men exercised in a 36°C environment.
  • Skin perfusion was measured using laser-Doppler flowmetry at a control site and a site pretreated with bretylium tosylate (BT) to block norepinephrine release.

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  • Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was expressed as a percentage of maximal CVC (%CVCmax).

    • Main Results:

    • Neither age nor BT affected the maximal CVC achieved at high core temperatures.
    • The rise in CVC in response to increasing esophageal temperature was shifted to the right in older men at both control and BT sites.
    • Forearm vascular conductance (FVC) was 40-50% lower in older men during exercise, indicating reduced skin blood flow.

    Conclusions:

    • The age-related attenuation in CVC during exertional heat stress is not mediated by increased noradrenergic vasoconstriction.
    • Decreased active vasodilator sensitivity and potential structural limitations to vasodilation contribute to impaired heat loss in older adults.