The influence of gloves during maximum volitional torque exertion of supination

This study focuses on the influence of friction between gloves and handle surface during maximum volitional torque exertion of supination (S-MVTE) and under both friction-controlled and regular friction conditions. Forty student subjects (20 males and 20 females) participated in this study. Five types of gloves (surgical, single cotton, double cotton, leather, and rubber), seven handle sizes (25.4, 31.8, 38.1, 44.5, 50.8, 57.2, and 63.5 mm in diameter) and two handle shapes (cylindrical and hexagonal) were evaluated to determine their combined influences on S-MVTE. The barehanded condition was also included for comparison. The results indicate that all the main effects were significant (P < 0.001). Under friction-controlled conditions (oiled surface handle), the S-MVTEs with gloves were found to be greater than the S-MVTEs of the gloveless, and the thicker the gloves, the greater the S-MVTE. On the other hand, under regular (unoiled) conditions, the S-MVTE was mainly affected by the friction between handle surface and gloves, although the interaction between gloves and handle shape was also a minor influence. A hexagonal handle produced, in all handle diameters, greater S-MVTE than a cylindrical handle. The mean S-MVTE under oiled conditions was about 53% of that of unoiled conditions. The mean S-MVTE of females was about 61% of that of males.