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From measuring to improving public health practice

B J Turnock1, A S Handler

  • 1Division of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612, USA. BTurnock@uic.edu

Annual Review of Public Health
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Measuring public health practice has evolved over time, shifting from self-assessments to focusing on core functions. Improvements are needed to meet effectiveness targets, requiring a national surveillance system.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research
  • Health Policy

Background:

  • Public health practice measurement has evolved over the past century.
  • Early efforts (pre-1990) utilized self-assessment instruments focusing on immediate service results.
  • The Institute of Medicine's 1988 report shifted focus to core public health functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical evolution of public health practice measurement.
  • To highlight the shift in focus from self-assessment to core functions.
  • To underscore the need for improved public health system performance.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of measurement efforts in public health practice.
  • Analysis of assessment instruments and their focus over time.

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  • Examination of the impact of key reports (e.g., Institute of Medicine).

    • Main Results:

    • Measurement strategies have transitioned from immediate results to core functions.
    • Recent assessments indicate a need for significant improvement in public health practice effectiveness.
    • The year 2000 targets for effectiveness highlight existing gaps.

    Conclusions:

    • Public health practice measurement has undergone significant evolution.
    • Current performance levels necessitate improvements to meet established effectiveness targets.
    • A comprehensive national surveillance system is proposed to link inputs, processes, outputs, and outcomes.