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Ascorbic acid protects guinea pigs from acute aflatoxin toxicity

S P Netke1, M W Roomi, C Tsao

  • 1Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94306, USA.

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
|April 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

High-dose ascorbic acid (vitamin C) significantly protected guinea pigs from acute aflatoxin B1 toxicity. However, this protection waned with a subsequent, intraperitoneal aflatoxin B1 dose.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent mycotoxin causing significant liver damage.
  • Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a vital antioxidant with potential protective properties against toxins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the protective effects of ascorbic acid against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity in guinea pigs.

Main Methods:

  • Guinea pigs were supplemented with varying doses of ascorbic acid (0, 25, or 300 mg/day) for 21 days.
  • Animals received a lethal dose of aflatoxin B1 (LD50) via gavage on day 22.
  • A subset of survivors received a second LD50 dose of AFB1 intraperitoneally after one month.

Main Results:

  • The 300 mg ascorbic acid group showed no mortality or liver pathology after initial AFB1 gavage.

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  • The 0 and 25 mg ascorbic acid groups exhibited significant liver necrosis and elevated liver enzymes (ALAT, ASAT).
  • A second intraperitoneal AFB1 dose in the 300 mg ascorbic acid group resulted in mortality and liver damage, with reduced detoxification enzyme activity.

    • Conclusions:

    • 300 mg of ascorbic acid provides substantial protection against acute oral aflatoxin B1 toxicity in guinea pigs.
    • This protective effect is diminished when AFB1 is administered via a second, intraperitoneal dose, suggesting route-dependent efficacy.
    • Ascorbic acid supplementation may modulate liver detoxification pathways, impacting AFB1 metabolism.