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Related Experiment Videos

[Changes and disorders in voluntary saccades during development and aging]

O Hikosaka1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo.

No to Hattatsu = Brain and Development
|May 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Eye movement control shows age-related changes, particularly in memory-guided saccades. Both children and the elderly struggle with suppressing unwanted eye movements and initiating memory-based ones, mirroring basal ganglia dysfunction.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Developmental Psychology

Context:

  • Voluntary eye movements, specifically visually guided saccades (V-saccades) and memory-guided saccades (M-saccades), were investigated in a cohort of 5-76 year olds.
  • Age-dependent alterations in saccade performance were more pronounced in M-saccades compared to V-saccades.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate age-related changes in voluntary eye movement control.
  • To compare saccade performance across different age groups and relate it to basal ganglia function.

Summary:

  • Increased saccade latency and fixation instability were observed in both young children (<12 years) and older adults (>50 years).
  • Difficulties in suppressing anticipatory saccades and initiating delayed M-saccades were noted in these age groups.

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  • These age-related saccade deficits resemble, in exaggerated forms, the motor control issues seen in basal ganglia disorders like Parkinson's disease.

    • Impact:

    • Findings suggest that basal ganglia functions related to saccade control are immature in children and decline in elderly individuals.
    • This research provides insights into the neural mechanisms underlying age-related cognitive and motor changes.
    • The study highlights the critical role of the basal ganglia in regulating voluntary eye movements and maintaining fixation.