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Abstract
Education:
midwives, practice nurses, health visitors and school nurses can provide health education which is essential in preventing incontinence. Minority ethnic groups must not be forgotten--leaflets are available in a variety of languages.
Assessment:
only by identifying the type and cause of incontinence can appropriate treatment and management be decided. Practice nurses and health visitors can be involved in assessment.
Referral:
if more than occasional light incontinence is identified or the practice nurse or health visitor does not feel competent to deal with the problem, women must be encouraged to seek further help and should be referred to their GP or local continence advisory service, which usually takes self-referrals.