Modulation of rod, but not cone, cGMP-gated photoreceptor channels by calcium-calmodulin

Inside-out patches containing cGMP-gated channels were excised from catfish rod or cone outer segments and held under voltage clamp. The net cGMP-dependent currents elicited by saturating and subsaturating concentrations of cGMP at +/-30 mV were measured and the dependence of current upon cGMP concentration was determined. The apparent affinity of the channel for its ligand was estimated by fitting these data with the Hill equation. The concentration of cGMP required to give half the maximum current (K1/2) in rod and cone channels at +30 mV was approximately 28 microM and approximately 37 microM, respectively, and was weakly voltage dependent. Thus, cone channels have an intrinsically higher K1/2 than rod channels. For both types of channel, the Hill coefficient was approximately 2.3. In the presence of calcium-calmodulin, the apparent affinity of the rod channel for cGMP decreased by about twofold, but the apparent affinity of the cone channels was unaffected. These results indicate that the open probability of the cone channel for its ligand cannot be modulated by calmodulin. This represents the first significant departure between rod and cone photoreceptors in mechanisms used by phototransduction and suggests that the beta subunit of the cone channel must be different from that of the rod channel.