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Practical development of genetically engineered animals as human disease models

T Nomura1

  • 1Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan.

Laboratory Animal Science
|April 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Genetically engineered animals, like transgenic (Tg) mice, are crucial for research but require rigorous development. Establishing them as valid models involves standardization, use confirmation, and robust in vivo systems for accurate disease and vaccine studies.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Animal Models
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Genetically engineered animals, including transgenic (Tg) and knock-out mice, have significantly advanced molecular-level research.
  • Their development as practical models for human diseases and toxicological studies requires substantial effort and collaboration.
  • These animals are candidates for defined models until fully developed for specific research objectives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a conceptual framework for establishing genetically engineered animals as valid and practical research models.
  • To highlight the three key steps in developing these animals for practical use.
  • To introduce the development of transgenic PVR mice as an illustrative example.

Main Methods:

  • Standardization of genetically engineered animals as laboratory animals, including quality standards and production systems.

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  • Confirmation of the utility and limitations of the animal model for its intended purpose.
  • Establishment of an in vivo experimentation system using the defined animal models.

    • Main Results:

    • Transgenic PVR mice were created by introducing the human poliovirus receptor gene into the mouse genome.
    • These mice exhibit susceptibility to poliovirus, mirroring human and nonhuman primate responses.
    • TgPVR mice show promise as a replacement for nonhuman primates in neurovirulence testing of oral poliovirus vaccine.

    Conclusions:

    • Genetically engineered animals require a systematic development process to become validated research models.
    • The development of TgPVR mice demonstrates the potential of these models for studying viral pathogenesis and vaccine efficacy.
    • These advanced animal models are essential for understanding human diseases and reducing reliance on non-primate testing.