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Differences between urban and rural suicides

E Isometsä1, M Heikkinen, M Henriksson

  • 1Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
|April 1, 1997
PubMed
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Urban suicides in Finland were linked to higher rates of mental health disorders and recent separations compared to rural suicides. Rural suicides often involved a lack of companionship and physical health issues, suggesting different prevention strategies are needed.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Suicide remains a significant public health concern globally.
  • Understanding demographic and situational differences in suicide is crucial for effective prevention.
  • Previous research has indicated potential variations in suicide characteristics between urban and rural populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare DSM-III-R mental disorders, recent life events, and other characteristics between urban and rural completed suicides.
  • To identify specific differences that may inform tailored suicide prevention strategies.
  • To analyze data from a national psychological autopsy study in Finland.

Main Methods:

  • A psychological autopsy was conducted on a random sample of 229 completed suicides.

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  • Cases were drawn from the National Suicide Prevention Project in Finland (1987-1988).
  • Data were analyzed to compare urban (n=143) and rural (n=85) suicide victims based on mental disorders, life events, and physical health.

    • Main Results:

    • Urban suicides showed higher prevalence of psychoactive substance use disorders (48% vs. 34%), cluster B personality disorders (24% vs. 9%), and psychiatric comorbidity (66% vs. 42%).
    • Urban suicides were more frequently preceded by recent separation (25% vs. 8%).
    • Rural suicides were more often associated with lack of a close companion of the opposite sex (36% vs. 18%) and physical disorders (56% vs. 40%).

    Conclusions:

    • Significant differences exist in the prevalence of mental disorders, comorbidity, and preceding life circumstances between urban and rural suicides in Finland.
    • These variations suggest that distinct suicide prevention strategies may be necessary for urban and rural settings.
    • Further research into these contextual factors can enhance the efficacy of suicide prevention efforts.