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Cell response to hyperbaric oxygen treatment

P C Tompach1, D Lew, J L Stoll

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, USA.

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
|April 1, 1997
PubMed
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Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy enhances wound healing by increasing cell proliferation. This study found that HBO stimulates endothelial cells and fibroblasts, crucial for tissue repair, establishing a basis for improved treatment protocols.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology
  • Wound Healing Research

Background:

  • Wound healing is a complex process involving matrix deposition, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration.
  • Cellular activity, critical for healing, is significantly influenced by local tissue oxygen levels.
  • Oxygen is essential for wound healing, prompting investigation into oxygen-based therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on endothelial cells and fibroblasts, key cells in wound healing.
  • To determine the optimal parameters for HBO exposure, including pressure, duration, and frequency, for stimulating cell proliferation.
  • To establish a scientific foundation for developing more effective HBO therapeutic protocols for wound management.

Main Methods:

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  • Cultured human endothelial cells and fibroblasts were exposed to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO).
  • Cell proliferation was quantified using 3H-labeled thymidine incorporation to assess the impact of varied HBO parameters.
  • Different partial pressures, oxygen saturation levels, and exposure durations/frequencies were tested.

    • Main Results:

    • HBO exposure increased the partial pressure of oxygen in cell culture media, promoting endothelial cell and fibroblast proliferation.
    • Endothelial cell proliferation increased after 15 minutes of HBO, while fibroblasts required 120 minutes for a significant response.
    • A single 120-minute HBO exposure stimulated fibroblast proliferation for up to 72 hours; repeated daily exposures did not yield additional benefits. Increased pressure from 2.4 to 4.0 ATA did not enhance proliferation.

    Conclusions:

    • Hyperbaric oxygen therapy demonstrably enhances the proliferation of endothelial cells and fibroblasts, crucial components of the wound healing cascade.
    • Specific exposure durations are required for different cell types, with fibroblasts showing sustained proliferation post-exposure.
    • These findings provide critical insights for optimizing hyperbaric oxygen protocols to improve wound healing efficacy and cost-effectiveness.