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Murine retroviruses use at least six different receptors for entry into Mus dunni cells
1Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA. dmiller@fhcrc.org
Abstract:
Murine retroviruses have been divided into six interference groups that use different receptors for cell entry: the ecotropic, xenotropic, polytropic, amphotropic, 10A1, and Mus dunni endogenous virus groups. Some interference is observed between xenotropic and polytropic viruses and between amphotropic and 10A1 viruses, indicating some overlap in receptor specificity between these groups, but otherwise these interference groups appear completely independent. In contrast, one study found interference among many of these groups when Mus dunni wild mouse cells were examined with an immunofluorescence assay to detect infection by the challenge virus. Here we have used a more direct assay for cell entry by using pseudotyped retroviral vectors to measure interference in M. dunni cells, and we find no evidence for extensive interference between members of different murine retrovirus groups. Indeed, our results in M. dunni cells are consistent with interference results observed in other cell types and indicate that the anomalous interference results previously observed in M. dunni cells with the immunofluorescence assay were most likely due to factors other than those that affect receptor-mediated virus entry. In summary, our results show that murine retroviruses use at least six different receptors for entry into M. dunni cells.
Insights
Murine retroviruses utilize distinct cell entry receptors. This study found no extensive interference between different murine retrovirus groups in Mus dunni cells, challenging previous findings.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Murine retroviruses are classified into six interference groups based on distinct cell entry receptors.
- Previous studies suggested extensive interference among these groups in Mus dunni cells, but used less direct assays.
- Understanding receptor usage is crucial for studying retroviral entry and host interactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To directly assess interference between different murine retrovirus groups in Mus dunni cells.
- To clarify discrepancies in previous findings regarding retroviral interference in M. dunni cells.
- To determine the number of distinct receptors used by murine retroviruses for entry into M. dunni cells.
Main Methods:
- Utilized pseudotyped retroviral vectors to directly measure cell entry and interference.
- Employed a quantitative assay for assessing viral entry in M. dunni cells.
- Compared interference patterns with previously reported immunofluorescence-based assays.
Main Results:
- Found no evidence of extensive interference between different murine retrovirus groups in M. dunni cells.
- Results in M. dunni cells align with interference patterns observed in other cell types.
- Indicated that previous anomalous findings were likely due to assay limitations, not receptor-mediated entry.
Conclusions:
- Murine retroviruses employ at least six distinct receptors for entry into M. dunni cells.
- The receptor usage and interference patterns are consistent across different cell types.
- Receptor-mediated entry is the primary determinant of interference among murine retroviruses.