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The blastomere pattern in echinoderms: cleavages one to four

J W Prothero, A Tamarin

    Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology
    |August 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study quantifies early embryo development in echinoderms, revealing precise blastomere patterns and conserved egg volume during the first four cleavages. Results provide a quantitative basis for the observed regularity in blastulae formation.

    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Biology
    • Embryology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Early embryonic development in echinoderms exhibits a high degree of regularity.
    • Understanding blastomere arrangement is crucial for comprehending developmental processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantitatively analyze blastomere patterns during the first four cleavage stages in echinoderm embryos.
    • To assess the conservation of egg volume during early cleavage.
    • To investigate the factors influencing blastomere positioning at the 16-cell stage.

    Main Methods:

    • Longitudinal study of six echinoderm embryos.
    • Optical sectioning at 5-10 micron intervals.
    • Digitization of blastomere contours and computer analysis for calculating blastomere parameters (center, radius, surface area, volume).

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    Main Results:

    • Individual blastomere angles deviate from right angles by only a few degrees.
    • Egg volume remains constant up to the fourth cleavage.
    • At the 16-cell stage, blastomere positions are influenced by factors beyond simple cleavage plane geometry.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides quantitative evidence for the regularity of early echinoderm development.
    • Egg volume is conserved through the first four cleavage divisions.
    • Blastomere positioning becomes more complex at the 16-cell stage, suggesting additional regulatory mechanisms.