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Related Concept Videos

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The self-concept encompasses individuals' beliefs about themselves, structured through cognitive frameworks known as self-schemas. These schemas function as mental representations of specific traits or behaviors, influencing how self-relevant information is perceived, processed, and remembered. For example, individuals who are schematic for body weight are more likely to interpret routine experiences—such as dining out or shopping—through the lens of that trait. Conversely, those...
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Self-awareness is a psychological state in which the individual becomes the focal point of their attention. This inward focus transforms the self into an object of contemplation and assessment, influencing how individuals perceive their actions and their alignment with personal and societal standards.Triggers and Contexts for Self-AwarenessSelf-awareness can be activated by external stimuli that make individuals visually or audibly aware of themselves, such as mirrors, cameras, or recordings.
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Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
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Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 5, 2026

A Modified Mirror Test as a Visual Guide for the Self-awareness Trait in Wild Antarctica Penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae
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On knowing what one knows

D M Marcus

    The Psychoanalytic Quarterly
    |April 1, 1997
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Analysts and patients possess deeper unconscious knowledge of each other than commonly believed. This hidden communication, often perceived as uncanny, is increasingly supported by neurobiological research and experimental evidence.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychoanalysis
    • Neurobiology
    • Psychology

    Background:

    • Many psychoanalysts and analysands share experiences not fully explained by conscious awareness.
    • A significant portion of therapeutic communication may occur subliminally.
    • The uncanny nature of these interactions is a recurring theme in analytic practice.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the concept of unconscious knowing between analysts and analysands.
    • To validate subjective analytic experiences with objective scientific findings.
    • To bridge the gap between clinical observation and neurobiological evidence.

    Main Methods:

    • Presentation of clinical vignettes illustrating unconscious communication.
    • Review of recent experimental evidence.
    • Discussion of neurobiological research findings.

    Main Results:

    • Analysts and analysands demonstrate a profound, often unrecognized, mutual understanding.
    • Unconscious knowledge manifests through emotions, fantasies, images, intrusive thoughts, and physical sensations.
    • Experimental and neurobiological data support the existence and mechanisms of subliminal communication in analysis.

    Conclusions:

    • Subjective analytic experiences of deep, unconscious knowing are scientifically plausible.
    • Neurobiological research offers a framework for understanding subliminal communication in psychoanalysis.
    • Further integration of clinical insights and scientific findings can enhance therapeutic understanding.