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Carbohydrate tolerance and food frequency

D J Jenkins1

  • 1Clinical Nutrition & Risk Factor Modification Center, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The British Journal of Nutrition
|April 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Increasing meal frequency may improve diabetes control by slowing glucose absorption and blunting insulin response. However, longer-term studies are needed to confirm these benefits for diabetes management.

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Health
  • Nutritional Science
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Strategies to slow glucose absorption and reduce insulin response are key for managing diabetes and hyperlipidaemia.
  • Approaches include dietary fiber, low-glycemic-index foods, and enzyme inhibitors, all aiming to spread nutrient load over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of increasing meal frequency as a simpler nutritional strategy for managing glucose metabolism.
  • To reconcile conflicting findings between acute and longer-term studies on meal frequency and glycaemic control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on dietary and pharmacological interventions for glucose absorption and insulin response.
  • Analysis of acute studies involving glucose sipping or increased meal frequency.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of longer-term studies assessing glycaemic control with altered meal frequencies.

    • Main Results:

    • Acute studies show increased meal frequency can lead to improved insulin economy and, in diabetics, better mean blood glucose levels.
    • Healthy volunteers demonstrated altered glucose tolerance over time with increased meal frequency.
    • One longer-term study in diabetic patients showed no sustained improvement in glycaemic control despite increased meal frequency.

    Conclusions:

    • Increased meal frequency shows theoretical promise for improving glucose metabolism and diabetes management.
    • A discrepancy exists between acute positive findings and lack of longer-term benefits in diabetic patients.
    • Further research is required to validate the long-term efficacy of frequent small meals for glycaemic control before specific dietary advice can be given.