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Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy

Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due to...

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:

Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy

Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy

Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers, unexplained...

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...

Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP

Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
Patient...

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Updated: Jul 22, 2026

Endoscopic Approach for Colloid Cyst Resection

Endoscopic Approach for Colloid Cyst Resection

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Open access fundholding endoscopy in the private sector

J Martin¹, P Arlett, G Holdstock

¹Endoscopy Unit, Hillingdon Hospital, Uxbridge, Middlesex.

The British Journal of Clinical Practice

|March 1, 1997

Summary

Open access endoscopy in the private sector is a viable option, with fundholding GPs seeing more serious pathology and receiving better management advice. Consultoscopy offers a valuable advancement over traditional open access systems.

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Health Services Research

Background:

Traditional open access endoscopy referrals often lead to fragmented patient care.
The integration of specialist opinion with endoscopic procedures is an area for potential improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the outcomes of open access endoscopy in NHS hospitals versus a private sector fundholding scheme.
To evaluate the effectiveness of 'consultoscopy,' where a consultant provides an opinion during the endoscopy visit.

Main Methods:

A comparative study involving 300 patients (150 NHS, 150 private fundholding).
Analysis of endoscopy results, sedation use, follow-up appointments, and general practitioner (GP) feedback.

Main Results:

Similar rates of normal endoscopy findings (approx. 40%) in both groups.

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Significantly higher detection of serious pathology in the private fundholding group (p < 0.01).

Reduced sedation, fewer outpatient appointments, and enhanced GP management advice in the fundholding scheme.

Conclusions:

Private sector open access endoscopy is a practical model that may shift services from NHS hospitals.
NHS hospitals need to adapt their practices to remain competitive.
Consultoscopy represents a beneficial evolution of open access endoscopy services.