Evidence for two senescence loci on human chromosome 1

Microcell-mediated introduction of a neo-tagged human chromosome 1 (HC-1-neo) into several immortal cell lines has previously been shown to induce growth arrest and phenotypic changes indicative of replicative senescence. Somatic cell hybridization studies have localized senescence activity for immortal hamster 10W-2 cells to a cytogenetically defined region between 1q23 and the q terminus. Previous microcell-mediated chromosome transfer experiments showed that a chromosome 1 with an interstitial q-arm deletion (del-1q) lacks senescence inducing activity for several immortal human cell lines that are sensitive to an intact HC-1-neo. In contrast, our studies reveal that the del-1q chromosome retains activity for 10W-2 cells, indicating that there are at least two senescence genes on human chromosome 1. Sequence-tagged site (STS) content analysis revealed that the q arm of the del-1q chromosome has an interstitial deletion of approximately 63 centimorgans (cM), between the proximal STS marker DIS534 and distal marker DIS412, approximately 1q12 to 1q31. This deletion analysis provides a candidate region for one of the senescence genes on 1q. In addition, because this deletion region extends distally beyond 1q23, it localizes the region containing a second senescence gene to approximately 1q31-qter, between DIS422 and the q terminus. STS content analysis of a panel of 11 10W-2 microcell hybrid clones that escaped senescence identified 2 common regions of loss of 1q material below the distal breakpoint of del-1q. One region is flanked by markers DIS459 and ACTN2, and the second lies between markers WI-4683 and DIS1609, indicating that the distal 1q senescence gene(s) localizes within 1q42-43.