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Anthropometry and breast cancer

R G Ziegler1

  • 1Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

The Journal of Nutrition
|May 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Body size and shape influence breast cancer risk. Increased adiposity and weight gain are linked to higher risk, particularly in postmenopausal women, suggesting lifestyle factors are key.

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METHODOLOGICAL NOTE: Biomarkers (sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), bioavailable oestradiol, and bioavailable testosterone) and processing of blood samples in epidemiological studies.

Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals·2013

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Emerging research consistently links body size and shape to breast cancer risk.
  • Adult height is a significant predictor of breast cancer risk, irrespective of nutritional status.
  • Adiposity exhibits a complex association with breast cancer risk, varying by menopausal status and geographic region.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize current findings on the relationship between body size, shape, and breast cancer risk.
  • To explore the nuances of adiposity's role, including dynamic weight changes and central fat distribution.
  • To identify potential etiological factors and areas for future research.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and synthesis of observational studies.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data correlating anthropometric measurements with breast cancer incidence and outcomes.
  • Exploration of dynamic weight changes and regional adiposity in relation to risk.

Main Results:

  • Adult height consistently predicts increased breast cancer risk.
  • Increasing adiposity generally correlates with higher risk, with notable exceptions in younger, premenopausal women in high-incidence countries.
  • Excess weight gain and central adiposity are associated with elevated risk, especially in postmenopausal women.

Conclusions:

  • Lifestyles promoting a positive energy balance, including diet and physical activity, are implicated in breast cancer etiology.
  • Hormonal and metabolic pathways underlying these associations require further investigation.
  • Body size and shape are critical, modifiable factors influencing breast cancer risk.

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